B-G.08: NanoCanvas: A Unified Interactive Browser for Multimodal Nanopore Sequencing Data
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Motivation: Nanopore sequencing has become a transformative technology for genomic and epigenomic research, generating multimodal data including raw electrical signals (POD5/FAST5), basecalled alignments (BAM), resquiggled signal events (EventAlign TSV), and base modification calls (BED). However, the analytical ecosystem remains fragmented: researchers must juggle incompatible tools and formats, struggle with datasets spanning tens to hundreds of gigabytes, and manually script ad-hoc comparisons across cohorts (e.g., wild-type vs. knockout). Existing visualization tools generate static images and crash under interactive queries at this scale.
Results: We present NanoCanvas, an open-source, web-based platform that unifies nanopore data exploration through interactive multimodal visualization. A FastAPI backend ingests POD5/FAST5, BAM, EventAlign TSV, BED, and reference FASTA into a tiered indexing layer that retrieves any single read from multi-gigabyte POD5 datasets in approximately 50 ms, scaling near-constantly with cohort size, and delivers cohort-level QC and signal aggregation, reducing exploratory analyses from minutes of static plotting (e.g., NanoPlot) to sub-second interactive responses. The frontend integrates five workspaces (quality control, single-read inspection, k-mer context model, transcript view, and gene/locus view) that synchronize raw signals, basecalls, and modifications within a single physical coordinate system. Native multi-cohort overlays enable comparison of QC metrics, signal distributions, and modification patterns across groups, eliminating custom plotting scripts. By unifying genomic context, basecalls, modifications, and raw signal in a single interactive environment, NanoCanvas lowers the barrier to exploratory nanopore analysis beyond specialist users.
Co-authors: Esa Pitkänen
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